The world is celebrating today, as every year, World AIDS Day (symbolic date chosen in 1998 because 'the first case of AIDS was diagnosed on December 1, 1981). In thirty years, have infected 60 million people and 25 million have died from causes related to the virus. Since the last UNAIDS report, the United Nations program against HIV / AIDS is a decremento del 17 per cento dei nuovi contagi, ma anche che nel 2008 erano quasi 33,4 milioni le persone che nel mondo hanno convissuto con il virus (due terzi nell'Africa Subsahariana), con 2,7 milioni di nuove infezioni e 2 milioni di morti collegate alla sindrome.
(Fonte: agi.it )
Grazie alle campagne di prevenzione che si sono succedute nel corso del tempo molti di noi hanno fortunatamente recepito il messaggio e preso coscienza su come prevenire questo male. Però mi accorgo che in giro c'è ancora molta ignoranza, molti dubbi in merito e pertanto ho deciso di scrivere questo articolo per cercare di dare il mio contributo.
Premessa: non sono uno scienziato ma bensì un curioso, Therefore, what you see is a summary of the best material I could find from official and reliable sources.
TEN THINGS TO KNOW HIV / AIDS (Source: UNICEF )
1. AIDS is caused by HIV
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by HIV, a virus that attacks the human immune system. In people living with AIDS, the immune system is no longer able to defend the body against disease, the degenerative process continues until the patient's death due to infections so-called "opportunistic." There is no cure or a vaccine to eliminate HIV from the body permanently.
2. HIV and AIDS are not the same thing
People who contract the HIV virus (HIV) are living with AIDS, even if they are destined to become one, except in very rare cases. Appropriately treated with medication, an HIV positive person can live very long (10-20 years) in fair health, but will continue to be a carrier of the virus and therefore can transmit it to other people. Only when the level of HIV infection exceeds a certain threshold, the subject is considered to be suffering from AIDS.
3. How is it transmitted the virus
HIV is transmitted through the exchange of fluids infected body at any stage of the disease. Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk are the fluids that can transmit the virus effectively. Saliva is not among them, so it is a false belief that HIV can infect through the kiss.
4. Sexual transmission
The most common mode of HIV transmission is through sexual contact, because during an unprotected sex there is the fullest possible exchange of bodily fluids, especially when there are aggravating circumstances (injuries of the genital tract, venereal diseases, anal sex or violent forms of penetration). The younger girls are particularly esposte al contagio perché un apparato genitale immaturo è fisiologicamente più soggetto a ferite e infezioni.
5. HIV/AIDS e altre malattie a trasmissione sessuale
Le malattie a trasmissione sessuale (MTS) sono un fattore di rischio particolarmente elevato (da 5 a 10 volte superiore alla media) di contrarre o trasmettere l'HIV. I soggetti consapevoli di avere queste infezioni dovrebbero avere esclusivamente rapporti sessuali protetti (con preservativo o senza penetrazione), informare il partner e provvedere a curarsi.
6. Come si evita il contagio per via sessuale
Il rischio di trasmissione dell'HIV/AIDS per via sessuale può essere reduced if the person abstains from sex, if you have unprotected sex only with an uninfected partner, if only practice safe sex (with condom).
7. HIV / AIDS and drug
The people taking injection drugs are at high risk of contracting HIV / AIDS through sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, a practice still widespread in some areas and causing numerous infections each year . The risk factor is so high as to lead to recommend to always have protected sex with a partner who uses injection drugs.
For the same reasons as needles, razors, surgical instruments or equipment to perform tattoos or piercings that are come into contact with infected blood and have not been sterilized can carry the HIV virus.
8. Who to contact
If a person suspected of having contracted the virus, the only way to ensure it is carried out a test for HIV at the health facility equipped.
If the subject is a minor, must know that consulting a health care professional and testing in full respect of privacy is a right recognized by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Also, be sure to be HIV positive or not is an ethical duty towards people who may be unknowingly infected.
9. HIV and human contacts daily
HIV does not infect you with everyday social behavior. It is totally risk free to shake hands with an infected person, embrace it, share it with food, clothing or other tools (except those who may have had occasional contact with the blood such as razors and toothbrushes). A person with HIV does not transmit the virus through coughing, sneezing, or swimming in the pool. It is also the unfounded belief that mosquitoes can convey HIV stinging in succession sick and healthy people.
10. Solidarity and humanity
The last, and not meno importante fra le cose da ricordare, è che ogni persona merita compassione e solidarietà. Discriminare un essere umano perché ha contratto l'HIV/AIDS, è membro di una famiglia in cui vi sono persone infette, o appartiene a una categoria a rischio, costituisce la violazione di un diritto umano individuale ed è segno di profonda immaturità. Il silenzio e la paura che circondano l'HIV/AIDS possono uccidere quanto la malattia stessa.
(Fonte: agi.it )
Grazie alle campagne di prevenzione che si sono succedute nel corso del tempo molti di noi hanno fortunatamente recepito il messaggio e preso coscienza su come prevenire questo male. Però mi accorgo che in giro c'è ancora molta ignoranza, molti dubbi in merito e pertanto ho deciso di scrivere questo articolo per cercare di dare il mio contributo.
Premessa: non sono uno scienziato ma bensì un curioso, Therefore, what you see is a summary of the best material I could find from official and reliable sources.
TEN THINGS TO KNOW HIV / AIDS (Source: UNICEF )
1. AIDS is caused by HIV
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by HIV, a virus that attacks the human immune system. In people living with AIDS, the immune system is no longer able to defend the body against disease, the degenerative process continues until the patient's death due to infections so-called "opportunistic." There is no cure or a vaccine to eliminate HIV from the body permanently.
2. HIV and AIDS are not the same thing
People who contract the HIV virus (HIV) are living with AIDS, even if they are destined to become one, except in very rare cases. Appropriately treated with medication, an HIV positive person can live very long (10-20 years) in fair health, but will continue to be a carrier of the virus and therefore can transmit it to other people. Only when the level of HIV infection exceeds a certain threshold, the subject is considered to be suffering from AIDS.
3. How is it transmitted the virus
HIV is transmitted through the exchange of fluids infected body at any stage of the disease. Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk are the fluids that can transmit the virus effectively. Saliva is not among them, so it is a false belief that HIV can infect through the kiss.
4. Sexual transmission
The most common mode of HIV transmission is through sexual contact, because during an unprotected sex there is the fullest possible exchange of bodily fluids, especially when there are aggravating circumstances (injuries of the genital tract, venereal diseases, anal sex or violent forms of penetration). The younger girls are particularly esposte al contagio perché un apparato genitale immaturo è fisiologicamente più soggetto a ferite e infezioni.
5. HIV/AIDS e altre malattie a trasmissione sessuale
Le malattie a trasmissione sessuale (MTS) sono un fattore di rischio particolarmente elevato (da 5 a 10 volte superiore alla media) di contrarre o trasmettere l'HIV. I soggetti consapevoli di avere queste infezioni dovrebbero avere esclusivamente rapporti sessuali protetti (con preservativo o senza penetrazione), informare il partner e provvedere a curarsi.
6. Come si evita il contagio per via sessuale
Il rischio di trasmissione dell'HIV/AIDS per via sessuale può essere reduced if the person abstains from sex, if you have unprotected sex only with an uninfected partner, if only practice safe sex (with condom).
7. HIV / AIDS and drug
The people taking injection drugs are at high risk of contracting HIV / AIDS through sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, a practice still widespread in some areas and causing numerous infections each year . The risk factor is so high as to lead to recommend to always have protected sex with a partner who uses injection drugs.
For the same reasons as needles, razors, surgical instruments or equipment to perform tattoos or piercings that are come into contact with infected blood and have not been sterilized can carry the HIV virus.
8. Who to contact
If a person suspected of having contracted the virus, the only way to ensure it is carried out a test for HIV at the health facility equipped.
If the subject is a minor, must know that consulting a health care professional and testing in full respect of privacy is a right recognized by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Also, be sure to be HIV positive or not is an ethical duty towards people who may be unknowingly infected.
9. HIV and human contacts daily
HIV does not infect you with everyday social behavior. It is totally risk free to shake hands with an infected person, embrace it, share it with food, clothing or other tools (except those who may have had occasional contact with the blood such as razors and toothbrushes). A person with HIV does not transmit the virus through coughing, sneezing, or swimming in the pool. It is also the unfounded belief that mosquitoes can convey HIV stinging in succession sick and healthy people.
10. Solidarity and humanity
The last, and not meno importante fra le cose da ricordare, è che ogni persona merita compassione e solidarietà. Discriminare un essere umano perché ha contratto l'HIV/AIDS, è membro di una famiglia in cui vi sono persone infette, o appartiene a una categoria a rischio, costituisce la violazione di un diritto umano individuale ed è segno di profonda immaturità. Il silenzio e la paura che circondano l'HIV/AIDS possono uccidere quanto la malattia stessa.
Questi 10 punti sono più che sufficienti per farvi capire come ci si difende dal virus. Io aggiungerei altre informazioni prese in vari siti.
- l'HIV si può trasmettere anche attraverso il sesso orale - Cunnilingus e Fellatio
- il sesso anale è il rapporto a maggior rischio di trasmissione perché è molto più facile traumatizzare l'epitelio anale, anche a causa della minor lubrificazione naturale, durante un rapporto creando così delle lacerazioni più o meno grandi che facilitano l'inoculazione del virus
- Il virus non si trasmette attraverso: strette di mano, abbracci, vestiti baci, saliva, morsi, graffi, tosse, lacrime, sudore, muco, urina e feci, bicchieri, posate, piatti, asciugamani e lenzuola, punture di insetti.
Non si trasmette frequentando: palestre, piscine, docce, saune e gabinetti scuole, asilo e luoghi di lavoro, ristoranti, bar, cinema e locali pubblici, mezzi di trasporto
I think I said anything. I hope I have made clear and that you take this issue seriously.
If you have any doubts or questions do not hesitate to ask. I will personally turn the question qualified doctors.
If you have any doubts or questions do not hesitate to ask. I will personally turn the question qualified doctors.
various sources:
http://www.agi.it/rubriche/ breaking-news-page / 200912010750 -cro-rom0006- giornata_lotta_all_aids_ogni_ anno_2_mln_morti
http://ingenuo.netsons.org/ 2009/12/01/world-aids-day /
http://www.ministerosalute.it/
http://www.asl.milano.it/user/ Default.aspx? SEZ = 2 & PAG = 238
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ HIV
http://www.unicef.it/flex/cm/ pages / ServeBLOB.php / L / IT / IDPagina/237
http://ingenuo.netsons.org/
http://www.ministerosalute.it/
http://www.asl.milano.it/user/
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://www.unicef.it/flex/cm/
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